Windows 10 makes it quite easy to pin Edge to the taskbar if it is not there already, but getting a desktop shortcut is a chore. Try this:
Make sure that you are reading this on your Windows 10 machine where you want a desktop shortcut to Microsoft Edge.
Right-click an open spot on the desktop.
Move the pointer down to New and to the right on the drop-down menu and click Shortcut.
In the new dialog type the text shown on the next line, type it with a space, not a line break after the “.exe”:
%windir%\explorer.exe
shell:Appsfolder\Microsoft.MicrosoftEdge_8wekyb3d8bbwe!MicrosoftEdge
Click Next.
In the next window you will see the word explorer highlighted for the shortcut name. Just type in Edge and click Finish.
You are not really finished, because the shortcut icon will be a folder and not the Edge icon. Right-click on the new shortcut. In the menu, at the bottom, click Properties.
In the properties window click Change Icon…
The Change Icon window will offer all sorts of icons but not one for Edge. Type the following text into the fle location field:
%windir%\SystemApps\Microsoft.MicrosoftEdge_8wekyb3d8bbwe\MicrosoftEdge.exe
Click OK. You will next see an Edge icon instead of all the others. Click OK again.
You will see the icon in the properties dialog. Click OK.
Now at last you have an Edge shortcut with the proper icon on your desktop. Try it out.
.:.
© 2015 Ludwig Keck
Ask Ludwig 
Thanks very much.
I was looking for the target path for the shortcut for Microsoft Edge.
Just so you know there is a quick way to get a shortcut to Microsoft Edge on the desktop in Windows 10. You can drag the Microsoft Edge icon from the Start Menu to the desktop and it will create a shortcut.
The reason I needed the full information to create another shortcut was because I use a third party task bar and the shortcut Windows 10 dragging creates doesn’t include the program to start it or the path, and the dialog even cutoffs some of the Microsoft.MicrosoftEdge_8wekyb3d8bbwe!MicrosoftEdge path and you can’t resize it to see it all.
Thank you Chris, appreciate the info!
Chris’s method didn”t work for me but this method did! THANKS
Who ever wrote this up, THANK YOU! I couldn’t get this done any way I tried!! Works great!
Thank you, Larry. It is really great to learn that I have been of help!
I also appreciate it. I can’t believe Microsoft didn’t make it easier – or rather, why they didn’t LEAVE it easy, to make a shortcut.. ! This seriously leaves me thinking, “Seriously?” Seriously.
It worked, nicely done 🙂
Glad to hear. Thank you!
It took a total idiot to figure out how to install a icon on windows 10, windows 7 looking better EVERY day.
Well, Charles, there are days when I do feel like a total idiot. No need to rub it in 😉